Male infertility describes a man's inability to achieve pregnancy with a fertile woman. In the past, the responsibility for infertility was often placed solely on the woman, largely due to cultural beliefs and lack of awareness. Male infertility is typically considered when all parameters in the female partner are normal or have been excluded, and the semen quantity or quality in the male partner is inadequate for conception.
About 20% of all infertility cases are entirely due to male factors, while in another 30% to 40% of cases, male factors contribute alongside female factors. Therefore, it is essential that both partners undergo infertility testing and treatment together, as causes in both partners often coexist. Overall, male factors are responsible for approximately 50% of all infertility cases.
Consulting an experienced infertility specialist in Jalandhar ensures a thorough evaluation of both partners, enabling accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans to increase the chances of successful conception.
CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY- UNDESCENDED TESTES: In this situation, testes are not at their proper place i.e. in the scrotum. It happens during the pregnancy period, where male baby testicles grow into his abdominal cavity. Generally, it falls back into scrotum before birth. If it doesn’t happen, it may lead to infertility and may require surgery.
- GENETIC DEFECTS: Genetic defects causing male infertility are mainly due to chromosomal abnormalities in number such as Klinefelter syndrome and structural abnormalities in Y chromosome, which ultimately leads to infertile men. These changes are congenital and irreversible.
- VARICOCELES: varicoceles are condition in which veins in scrotum gets enlarged. This condition is more common in left side of scrotum. Generally, this condition is harmless, but in some cases, it is painful and may cause infertility in some cases.
- INFECTIONS: Epididymitis is very common infection in young sexually active males. The epididymis may become infected with bacteria from a prostate or urinary tract infection. Symptoms include swollen scrotum, pain and tenderness in testes.
- HORMONAL IMBALANCE: Elevated levels of luteinizing hormones and low levels of testosterone can affect sexual activity and fertility in men. This disturbance of hormones can be congenital or due traumatic injury of genitals.
- ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION: It is a condition in which penis is unable to erect or not able to maintain erection during intercourse. It can be physiological as well as psychological because Stress and anxiety can lead to this condition. Physiologically it is mainly due to hardening of arteries which restrict enough blood supply to the penis. Medication and counselling to the patients can help them to come over to this problem.
- LIFESTYLE PROBLEMS: lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, stress and anxiety, assumption of alcohol, smoking, work hazards etc all these factors can affect semen quantity and quality and can affect fertility of male.
