Infertility, traditionally associated with women, is now being examined more comprehensively, bringing males into the spotlight. The male infertility services, previously underdiagnosed, is on the rise and accounts for up to 40% of infertility cases. This increase is attributed to both improved diagnostic capabilities and various contributing factors.
Causes of Male Infertility
1. Lifestyle and Dietary Habits
The changing lifestyle and dietary habits contribute significantly to male infertility. Factors such as stress, exposure to electromagnetic fields (e.g., mobile phones, laptops), and pollution can impact reproductive health.
2. Environmental Factors
The use of pesticides, synthetic dyes, and exposure to xenoestrogens in food items are environmental factors linked to male infertility.
Evaluation of Male Infertility
To assess male infertility in a couple, a comprehensive evaluation is necessary, involving:
1. History
A detailed history, including childhood illnesses, past treatments, and current stressors, can provide valuable insights into potential causes of subfertility. Modern lifestyle factors, such as sauna baths and long-distance cycling, are also considered.
2. Physical Examination
A thorough physical examination helps identify abnormalities or conditions that may contribute to male infertility.
3. Specific Focused Investigations
Specialized investigations are conducted to delve deeper into the potential causes of male infertility, considering factors like genetic, immunologic, or other underlying issues.
Management of Male Infertility
The management of male infertility depends on various factors, including testicular size and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.
1. Testicular Failure
In cases of small or nearly normal testes with high FSH levels, non-obstructive azoospermia may be addressed through assisted reproductive techniques (ART) with donor semen.
2. Hypogonadotrophic/Hypergonadotrophic
When testicular size is small or nearly normal with low FSH levels, gonadotropin replacement may be considered, followed by techniques like TESA/PESA. However, success rates may vary, and counseling is crucial.
3. Absence of Vas Deferens
Normal testis size with normal FSH levels may indicate obstructive azoospermia. Sperm retrieval methods like TESA/PESA can be employed, and the retrieved sperm can be used in ART procedures.
4. Retrograde Ejaculation
For retrograde ejaculation, sperm retrieval techniques can be used, and in severe cases, in-vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be recommended.
Shifting Perspectives
It is important to dispel the stigma associated with infertility solely attributed to women. Counseling should emphasize that 40% of infertility cases are linked to male factors. Before undergoing assisted reproductive techniques, thorough diagnosis and consideration of various factors are essential.
Conclusion
Understanding and addressing male infertility require a holistic approach. Individuals concerned about male infertility are encouraged to book an appointment with our IVF specialist for the best possible treatment.
Book Your Call Now: +91 9814021991
